Durability Study Of Precast Concrete Sandwich Panel Under Exposure To Sea Water

An experimental investigation was conducted to observe and study the behavior of precast concrete sandwich panels in corrosive environment of chloride ion in marine environment. Three different strengths of marine waters were prepared namely one time, three time and six times of the concentration of actual ocean water. Twenty-seven numbers of sandwich panels were casted and nine numbers were placed in each types of solution. Along with that one number of Panel was casted to use as control specimen and left in air for eight months .Two more sandwich panel were used for permeability tests. The study deals with the experimental investigation of panels for their ability to stand in corrosive environment and probability of corrosion in panel reinforcement. The results obtained were analyzed and observation was made to identify the corrosion probability, location of maximum corrosion and corrosion rate of the sandwich panel reinforcement. Comparative behaviors of the concrete strength variation in different chloride environment were observed. From the observation of the experimental results it was found that at higher chloride concentration in the environment causes higher corrosion and in the same environment highest corrosion was found along the edges of the precast concrete sandwich panel. There was no critical loss of concrete strength in sandwich panel due to submersion test

Algorithm for Coding Person’s Names in large Databases / Data Warehouses to Enhance Processing Speed, Efficiency and Reduce Storage Requirements

oai:ojs2.lgurjcsit.lgu.edu.pk:article/1A technique to codify the names of people in Databases andData warehouses to reduce the storage requirements and enhanceprocessing speed is presented. It is estimated that the storage requirementcan be reduced, which is normally dominated by the entries of first name,middle name and last name and storage requirements for Datawarehouses keep on increasing. The scheme of the Algorithm replacesthe first name, middle name and last name in numeric charterers insteadof alpha characters for storage. It decodes them into actual AlphaCharacters at the time retrieval

The Interaction between Service Quality and Students Satisfaction

This study aims to describe the effect of service quality on students’ satisfaction. The study used a sample of respondents from university students in Hail, Saudi Arabia, and the data were collected through questionnaire. Descriptive and regression analysis were used to find out the relationship between students satisfaction and service quality. This study concluded that there is a significant effect of tangible, reliability on students’ satisfaction at university in Hail state. Moreover, there is a difference in service quality of higher educations managed by government and those managed by a foundation (private). Also, there is a difference between students satisfaction in public and private universities. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the government needs to pay more attention to increase service quality for the satisfaction of students, which will develop the public interest to go to university

Productivity trends in the manufacturing industries

This paper attempts to provide empirical evidence on inter-industry differentials in productivity levels and their growth rates, and the distribution of productivity gains among the principal factors of production" i.e. labour and capital. Hardy any work has been done in Pakistan on providing a satisfactory quantitative measure of productive efficiency of the factors of production in the manufacturing industries. A study of this kind should be important not only from the economic but also from the social point of view because an optimal distribution of total ,gains in productivity is basically an empirical question and can not be discussed in general terms

Rashid Amjad. Private Industrial Investment in Pakistan 1960- 70, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1982. Price: S 25.00. 257 pp. Illustrations; appendices; bibliography; index.

The role of industrialization in economic development can hardly be overemphasized. The process of industrialization takes place through capital formation, and it is important that the factors which determine the rate of capital formation be identified and properly analysed. This book gives an in-depth analysis of private industrial investment in Pakistan during the Sixties, which increased sharply during the Second Plan period but declined during the Third Plan period. It examines the influence of foreign. resources inflow as well as of other factors on private industrial investment during the Sixties. It contains an enlightening discussion about the concentration of industrial power in a few hands, their control over financial institutions, and their role in the industrial growth of Pakistan

The dual quark condensate in local and nonlocal NJL models: an order parameter for deconfinement?

We study the beahviour of the dual quark condensate $\Sigma_1$ in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model and its nonlocal variant. In quantum chromodynamics $\Sigma_1$ can be realted to the breaking of the center symmetry and is therefore an (approximate) order parameter of confinement. The deconfinement transition is then signaled by a strong rise of $\Sigma_1$ as a function of temperature. However, a similar behaviour is also seen in the NJL model, which is known to have no confinement. Indeed, it was shown that in this model the rise of $\Sigma_1$ is triggered by the chiral phase transition. In order to shed more light on this issue, we calculate $\Sigma_1$ for several variants of the NJL model, some of which have been suggested to be confining. Switching between "confining" and "non-confining" models and parametrizations we find no qualitative difference in the behaviour of $\Sigma_1$, namely, it always rises in the region of the chiral phase transition. We conclude that without having established a relation to the center symmetry in a given model, $\Sigma_1$ should not blindly be regarded as an order parameter of confinement

Robert L. Ayers. Banking on the Poor. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 1983. 255pp.Appendices; notes; index.

This book is about "Robert McNamara's efforts to reorient the World Bank towards a more explicit concern with poverty alleviation in the world's poor countries." The World Bank is one of the most important (and probably the biggest) financial institutions which have been providing both technical and financial assistance to many developing countries for more than thirty years. The traditional role of the Bank has been that of helping the developing countries in their process of development by providing loans for projects with maximum growth effects. For quite a number of years in the post-war period these loans were granted mainly for infrastructure projects which were considered a prerequisite for development. An evaluation of such projects was relatively easy as their effects on the rest of the economy were easily quantifiable. Loans for social-overhead projects received relatively low priority as their output was not directly measurable and the element of risk was also high in such loans

Moderating effect of social support on personal financial constraints and job stress relationship

The aim of this paper is to examine the moderating effect of social support (which may be supervisory, friends, family and relatives) on the relationship of personal financial constraints and job stress relationship. Sample consists of 294 respondents from randomly selected 28 branches of 22 banks located across all major cities of Pakistan. Moderated regression analysis has been used to test the hypothesized relationships. Personal financial constraints enhance job stress and social support moderates this relationship. Job stress increases when an employee faces financial constraints but decreases in the presence of social support. Practical and theoretical implications are drawn. This research is conducted in banking industry, so its results can’t be generalized to other industries. This paper is the first which examines the impact of a non-work related variable, personal financial constraint on job stress along with buffering role of social support. Its findings have great implications for employers for increasing productivity of employees.Job stress, personal financial constraints, social support, moderating, banking, Pakistan